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The XIIth International Congress for Analytical Psychology was held August 23-28, 1992 in Chicago, Illinois. It was the second such meeting to be held in the United States. Of the 554 participants numbered, 360 were analysts, 118 were candidates and 76 were "auditors." Twenty-eight countries were represented.
Since the 1962 Congress (the first was in 1958), such meetings have been triennal gatherings of the International Association for Analytical Psychology (IAAP), the professional organization of Jungian analysts. (A person must be a member of the IAAP to use the title "Jungian Analyst.")
The IAAP was founded in 1955, with 40 members. At the time of the first Congress, in 1958, the membership had increased to 150, in eight member groups. By 1972, the 11 groups then extant were composed of about 360 members. New groups have been admitted at nearly every Congress until, by the end of the Chicago Congress, the member groups numbered 32 (including a roster of "individual members" - those who had been designated as analysts by the IAAP rather than through member groups) and the membership had increased to about 2000. Currently, the members are about half women. This percentage is far greater than those in such non-Jungian organizations as associations of psychologists and psychiatrists.
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Nearly everyone who is familiar with Jungian psychology is aware that Jung had a deep interest in symbols and a symbolic understanding of events and images. When students of Jungian psychology first hear of the "transcendent function," however, many are surprised to learn that Jung equated it with "symbol." It is well that he did so; a true symbol is indeed transcendent and "function" suggests its active nature. The symbol transforms by bringing opposites together and transcending them. As Jung put it, the transcendent function is "the transition from one condition to another" (Let-I, p. 268). When this Congress theme was adopted, it elicited a remarkable variety of papers devoted to broadening and deepening our understanding of the transcendent function.
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Presentations at the Congress took the form of longer morning papers and shorter afternoon papers, including some grouped in forums. "Responses" to the morning papers, by designated presenters, were given in the afternoon, parallel (in time) to the other afternoon papers. The morning papers (the first ten chapters of this book) adhered to the theme. Afternoon papers (other than responses) dealt with a wider variety of topics.
Each presenter is a Jungian analyst (except where indicated), identified by place of practice and by group membership. If a presenter belongs to more than one IAAP group, the member organization named is the one through which that person holds a vote in the IAAP. (In a few instances, an IAAP member practices in one place and retains voting membership in another city or even another country.)
Many presenters delivered longer papers than appear here. They have graciously abbreviated their remarks to facilitate the publication of a book of reasonable size.
Although all presenters were invited to provide manuscripts for publication, some chose not to do so. Their reasons for this decision included: (1) the interactive nature of the sessions in which the material was presented; (2) the centrality of visual materials, such as videos, which cannot be reproduced in a book, and (3) the need for more than the space available for adequate representation of the presenter's material. The presenters who made this choice are, with their topics: Peter Amman and Robert Hinshaw (both of Zurich, Switzerland) on "Wilderness Within - Wilderness Without"; Ruth Amman (Zurich, Switzerland) on "The Transcendent Function in Sandplay"; Francesco Bisagni (Milan, Italy) on "Infantile States and the Transcendent Function"; Mara Sidoli (Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA) on "When Meaning Gets Lost in the Body"; Richard Stein (San Francisco, California, USA) on "The Transcendent Function as Revealed in Unconscious Drawings" and Harry Wilmer (Salado, Texas, USA) on "Dream: A Jungian Interview with Vera von der Heydt."
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A book comprising papers by many individuals inevitably includes disparate writing styles and points of view. The goal of the editing has been to retain individuality of style, while clarifying and enhancing each author's contribution.
Jung's works are indicated in the text, wherever possible, by CW (Collected Works), volume number and paragraph number. Other Jung references include DA1 (Dream Analysis, Vol. 1), MDR (Memories, Dreams, Reflections), Let-1 and Let-2 (Jung's Letters, Vols. 1 & 2), FJ (Freud-Jung Letters), VS (The Visions Seminars), Z (Nietzsche's Zarathustra). Several papers mentioned VII Sermones ad Mortuos (Seven Sermons to the Dead). It was published privately in 1925, republished in German (Rascher, 1962) and in English (Stuart & Watkins, 1967). It appears in some versions of Memories, Dreams, Reflections. Freud's works are indicated as SE (Standard Edition) and their volume number.
Other textual citations follow the format of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association: They indicate author and date, keyed to the reference at the end of the paper. Each reference is in the language cited by the presenter.
American-style punctuation and spelling have been used, according to the University of Chicago Manual of Style. Non-English words in the texts have been translated into English, unless they are terms - such as those from alchemy - that are well-known to readers of Jungian works, or are available in a standard English dictionary. Names of archetypes are capitalized when it is necessary to distinguish them from often-used words, such as Great Mother. Except for its appearance in direct quotations, "Self" (capitalized) refers to Jung's concept of the center, totality and integrating factor of the psyche; "self" (not capitalized) carries a variety of other meanings.
The official languages of the Congress were English, French, German and Italian. If a paper was delivered in a language other than English, the language from which it was translated is indicated. The translator's name follows, if it is available. Jennette Cook Jones assisted the editor with refining some translations from Italian. Manuscripts were typed on computer disks by Beverly Cicchese. Final proof-reading of the papers was done by Bonnie L. Marsh, as well as by the Editor.
Mary Ann Mattoon
Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
June 1993
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